Pump liner



Aug. 10, 1954 H. B. YOUNG 2,686,091

PUMP LINER Filed Feb. 28, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Henry [5. Young INVENTOR.

goL zi gam H. B. YOUNG Aug. 10, 1954 PUMP LINER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 1 0 I v y Z J a w I I I I I I I I I l l l l I l l I I l l 9 J 6 w J 6 0 0 m j Y Z 4 J w 3 .J l a a 1| 1/ "J W .IW vvwwwwwvldwmwvmwvydwvl zlllilff'll'fl'll'l'lla henr B. Your;

y INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 10, 1954 PUMP LINER Henry B. Young, Houston, 'llex., assignor to Mission Manufacturing Company, Houston, Tex., a corporation of Texas Application February 28, 1952, Serial No.

6 Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in pump liners, and particularly to an inner sleeve by an adhesive material, and a method of uniting same.

It has been the common practice in the past to form a pump liner having an outer shell and an inner sleeve by either shrink fitting the sleeve and the shell together or by welding them to gether. In the shrink or press fit method of joining the outer shell and the inner sleeve to form the pump liner, the outer shell is heated to expand it and when the shell is in the expanded condition it is inserted in the sleeve, so that when the shell cools to normal room temperature the sleeve is held within the shell securely. The press or shrink fit can also be accomplished by cooling the inner sleeve to contract it, then inserting it within the shell at room temperature, and permitting the sleeve to return to room temperature in the shell. In such paired.

In the weld method of joining the outer shell to the inner sleeve in the pump liner, the weld requires extreme heat at various localized points during the welding and such heat often results in the tempering or removing of the hardness characteristics of the inner sleeve. Since it is particularly desirable to have a sleeve with a such tolerance should 7 out extensive repair work.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a pump liner and a method of producing same, wherein the outer sleeve is secured to the inner sleeve by an adhesive, thereby eliminating the close tolerances necessary in the shrink fit method and the resulting damage caused during the welding method.

Another important object of this invention is to provide a new article of manufacture and a method of producing same, which includes a pump liner having an outer shell and an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve being aligned concentrically with the outer shell by an aligning means, and an adhesive between the shell and the sleeve to serve as the sole bonding medium therefor.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel slush pump liner in which an inner sleeve is mounted within an outer shell in concentric relationship by means of an adhesive material, the outer surface of the inner sleeve and the inner surface of the outer shell being roughened or having grooves therein whereby an increased axial shearing strength is obtained in the bond between the shell and the sleeve.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a method of uniting an outer shell to an inner sleeve in forming a pump liner, Wherein the inner sleeve is inserted within the outer shell, adhesive is injected between the sleeve and the shell, and caused to harden or set to form a bonding layer therebetween, such adhesive being capable of disintegration upon the application of heat thereto, whereby the sleeve and the shell may be separated for removal of the liner sleeve and the insertion of a new sleeve within the shell, without the necessity of having special equipment for such replacement.

The construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described together with other features thereof.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, wherein an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a sectional View of the pump liner of this invention, illustrating an embodiment having spaced recesses in the inner sleeve and the outer shell to receive the bonding adhesive.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the pump liner of this invention, illustrating another embodiment wherein the pump sleeve and the outer shell have an elongate recess therein to receive the bonding adhesive.

Figure 3 is a sectional View of the pump liner of this invention, illustrating another embodiment in which the adhesive is located between the sleeve and the shell, with aligning pins or studs between the liner and the shell to assure concentric alignment thereof.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of a part of the pump liner of this invention, illustrating the roughened surfaces or grooves in the outer shell and inner sleeve which are adapted to be filled by the bonding adhesive for greater axial shearing strength.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of another form of the pump liner of this invention wherein the sleeve is centered by using wedges.

Figure 6 is an elevational view illustrating a suitable clamping device for retaining the adhesive when inserted under pressure.

Figure '7 is a plan view taken on line 1-4 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 8-3 of Figure 6.

In the drawings, the numeral ill designates the outer pump shell. This shell H) is adapted to fit within a pump housing and therefore the shell in has a radially extending flange ll near one end thereof which is adapted to abut the pump housing to prevent axial movement of the shell if} in the housing during normal pump operation. It will be appreciated that such flange ii may be eliminated in pump liner shells, or in some cases a shoulder used instead. Mounted within the outer shell in is an inner sleeve 12 which is bonded to the shell H! by an adhesive material 14. Thus, the outer shell iii and the inner sleeve 12 when united form the pump liner l5 of this invention. The inner sleeve l2 has preferably a hardened inner surface which is very smooth to provide a hard wearing smooth surface for the pump piston to reciprocate therein. The hardened inner surface of the sleeve l2 may be obtained by various means such as heat treating.

In the modification shown in Figure 3, the pump liner it includes the inner sleeve H which is of substantially uniform outside diameter. The external surface of the inner shell 12 need not be machined to a close tolerance as is necessary in the shrink or press fit, but instead it is often true that a roughened or grooved surface such as lZa shown in Figure 4 would be preferable. Likewise, the interior surface of the shell Ii) could also have the roughened surface or grooves lea. When such grooves la and 6201. are utilized, the adhesive flows within the grooves and improves the axial shear strength of the bond between the shell Ill and the sleeve l2. In order to provide sufficient room for the adhesive Hi between the shell in and the sleeve i2, it is desirable to have a space therebetween into which the adhesive M may now when the parts are being assembled. Particularly because of this spacing that is possible between the sleeve i2 and the shell H], it is not necessary to hold the tolerances on the exterior surface of the sleeve and the interior surface of the shell to such a close measurement as is essential when using the shrink or press lit.

Since this space is left between the shell It and the sleeve i2, an aligning means should be utilized between the shell It and the sleeve l2 in order to align them in concentric relationship. This concentric alignment is essential and very important, as otherwise the pump piston when reciprocating within the sleeve l2 would be subjected, and would likewise subject the sleeve 12, to excessive wear. Also in some cases if the misalignment was particularly accentuated, damage or failure of the pump rod could very easily result. In the modification of Figure 3, the aligning means is shown as a plurality of spaced pins or studs 11. These studs or pins ll may be integral with the sleeve l2, or may be secured to the sleeve l2 in any desired manner. Also in some instances it may be preferable to provide the pins ll on the outer shell in rather than on the sleeve 12. The pins H are preferably three in number, being spaced preferably about apart. In some cases it may be desirable to provide two sets of pins such as shown in Figure 3 with one set of three pins in the proximity of one end of the liner i5 and the other set of pins at the other end thereof. These pins or studs l'l thus provide for radial alignment or the sleeve 12 within the shell ill to provide for their concentric relationship, while at the same time leaving space between the studs or pins ll through which the adhesive i l may be injected.

In the modification shown in Figure 2, the sleeve :2 has a recess is therein and the shell Hi has a recess l9 therein. These recesses i8 and is preferably extend circumferentially around the surfaces of the members. However, in some instances it may be desirable to have these recesses 18 and l9 formed as spaced longitudinal grooves about the surfaces of the liner members it and 12. The adhesive material is preferably injected into the recesses l8 and it through a passage in the outer shell iii which is designated by the numeral 20. If these recesses l8 and I9 take the form of spaced longitudinal grooves, then a plurality of the passages 2B would be utilized. By reason of the recesses 19 being formed in the shell Hi there is provided a shoulder iiia at one end of the shell H) and a corresponding shoulder l9?) at the other end thereof. Lil:e wise at each end of the sleeve H are formed the shoulders 18a, and i812, respectively. These shoulders 18a, 19a and 18b and I919 cooperate with the adhesive it when it is hardened to provide an increased axial shearing strength. If even greater axial shearing strength is desired, the grooves or roughened surfaces Illa and 12a such as illustrated in Figure 4 may be utilized in the modification of Figure 2 within the recesses i8 and iii.

In the form of the pump liner i5 shown in Figure 2, the aligning means is illustrated as a collar or centering ring 22. It is desirable to have these collars or rings 22 at each end of the sleeve [2 to assure radial alignment of the sleeve i2 within the shell it. It will be appreciated that these collars 22 could be replaced by centering pins such as H shown in Figure 3, if it is so desired.

In the modification of the pump liner i5 illustrated in Figure l, the sleeve l2 has a plurality of radial recesses or grooves 23 therein which meet with a plurality of recesses or grooves 24 in the shell it. The grooves 23 preferably extend around the entire circumference of the exterior surface of the sleeve 12, and likewise the grooves or recesses '24 extend around the entire circumference of the inside surface of the shell it. These radial grooves 23 and 24 may be filled with adhesive through passages such ltl. In Figure 1 the collars the aligning means, although it will be appreciated that the intermediate surfaces at 25d and 26b could also be utilized as an aligning means.

In some instances it may be desirable to have the passages 20 and 25 threaded to receive a plastic or adhesive injection gun. It should also be understood that the passage 2:3 and the passages 25 need not be positioned exactly as shown in the drawings. For example, the passage 23 could be at either end of the recess 52 or at any intermediate point between the ends of the recess 5 9, so long as passage 26 communicates with such recess l9. likewise, the passages 25 maybe positioned longitudinally on the shell it so long as they communicate with their respective recesses. Additionally, it should be mentioned that the recesses 23 and 24 may be of varying wid hs and may be positioned at various points between the ends of the pump liner 5%. There may be more than the three sets of recesses as illustrated in Figure l, necessary to provide even the three illustrated.

In Figure 5, still another form. of the invention is shown. In this form the shell It has a centering ring or projection 30 at one end thereof. At the other end of the pump liner Ill, the sleeve I2 is aligned in the shell illby aligning pins or wedges 31. These pins or wedges 3! are preferably three in number and are inserted after been placed within the liner, but before the adhesive material It is injected through the opening 32 by the gun 34, or otherwise.

In carrying out the method of this invention, the sleeve I2 is first inserted within the outer shell ill and aligned in concentric relationship thereto by the aligning means. The adhesive material M is then inserted or injected between the sleeve I2 and the shell Ill. When the adhesive It is thus inserted between the shell Ill and the sleeve !2, it would be in liquid form so as to fill the space between the shell and the sleeve. In the modification shown in Figure 3 the in ection of the liquid adhesive would be at I either end thereof, while in the modifications of Figures 1 and 2 the liquid adhesive would be inserted through the passages 23 or 25, preferably by means of a pressure gun such as a gun commonly used for caulking.

In Figures 6-8, there is illustrated one type of clamp which can be used to assure the filling of the space between the shell to and the sleeve I 2 with the liquid adhesive. This clamp includes a a press or weights resting on top of the liner i5, but it is preferably applied by a threaded rod 38 extending through openings in the gasket 36 and plate 35 on which is placed a clamp bar 39. The bar 39 extends across the ends of the shell Ill and sleeve i2 as seen in Figure '7, and the nuts it on the rod 38 are tightened to clamp the gasket 35 into sealing engagement. With such a seal, the adhesive is injected at opening 32 by a gun such as partially shown at 3 3. When the adhesive appears at the top of the liner l5, it is evident that the space between the shell and sleeve has been filled. In some cases, a plurality of openings 32 can be used and these may be circumferentially and longitudinally spaced so that the progress of the filling with adhesive can be readily checked. This is done by injecting at the lowest opening 32 until the adhesive flows from the next highest opening. The gun 34 is then moved to that next opening and filling is again continued. It will be appreciated that, although the clamping device shown in Figures 6 to 8 is illustrated for use with liner shown in Figure it may also be used with other forms of the invention, such as that shown in Figure 3, if desired.

After the adhesive material I l is within the space between the shell Ill and the sleeve IE, it is then hardened to form a bonding layer between the shell and the sleeve. In some instances it may be necessary to apply heat to accelerate or effect the setting or hardening of the adhesive Ll, depending upon the type of ad" Various types of adhesives can be used so long as they have suiiicient strength to prevent shearing of the bond between the sleeve i2 and the shell 10 during normal pump operations, and so long as they may be injected as a liquid and thereafter hardened to a solid bonding state. Examples of suitable adhesives or bonding materials which can be used as the adhesive i l are: the phenolic formaldehyde type of resin sold under the trade name Bake-O- Lite, and the polyester resin sold under the various trade names such as Cheniplas and Lamplas.

When it is desired to disassemble the sleeve it from the shell it it is only necessary to disintegrate the adhesive M sufficiently to destroy the bond therebetween. This may be accomplished by heating the adhesive l4 to a suificiently high temperature. When using the synthetic resins above mentioned as examples of the adhesive material it, temperatures in the neighborhood of 500 Fahrenheit, or less, are sufiicient to cause such disentegration to an easily frangible or fractural form, whereby the sleeve l2 may easily be slidably removed from the shell it without special equipment. This heating may be also accomplished without special equipment since a small gas jet or heated cylindrical chamher is sufiicient to effect the disentegration of the adhesive I l. This feature of disassembly without special equipment is of particular advantage as compared to the prior constructions and methods because it enables a replacement of a new sleeve within the outer shell in the field and at points remote from, shops where such special equipment would normally be located for use in the shrink fit and welded type constructions. Additionally, it will be appreciated that the new liner sleeve l2 could be inserted within the shell ill in the field and the adhesive M could be also applied in the field without the necessity for any elaborate or special equipment. It may be desirable to employ a pressure gun to inject the adhesive id, but such gun would normally be very small and inexpensive and of the type that is hand operated.

of uniting or forming same has overcome the numerous disadvantages of the prior constructions and procedures.

The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a pump liner comprising an outer shell having an ex ternal surface adapted to engage a pump housing, an inner sleeve mounted within said outer shell, said sleeve having a circumferential recess extending radially into the external surface thereof to form radially extending shoulders at each end of th recess, said shell having a circumferential recess extending radially into the internal surface thereof to form radially extending shoulders at each end of the recess, said recesses in the shell and the sleeve being of substantially the same Width with said shoulders at each end of the recesses on the sleeve and shell aligned in substantially the same transverse plane whereby said recesses are aligned to form an annular area extending into said shell and said sleeve, and a solidified adhesive disposed in said annular area to span the joint between the sleeve and the shell whereby an annular ring of the adhesive is provided to prevent lateral movement of the sleeve relative to the shell in addition to the bonding action of the adhesive.

2. The article set forth in claim 1, wherein said adhesive is a heat-setting material which can be disintegrated into a frangible form by the application of extreme heat thereto whereby the sleeve and shell are readily separable from each other.

3. The article set forth in claim 1, wherein said adhesive is a material selected from the group consisting of phenol formaldehyde resin and polyester resin.

4. The article set forth in claim 1, including another annular ring of adhesive identical with said annular ring and spaced longitudinally therefrom.

5. The article set forth in claim 1, including a radial opening through said shell in communication with said annular area for the injection of said adhesive into said annular area to form said annular ring of adhesive.

6. The structure set forth in claim 1, wherein said shoulders at each end of said recesses are formed on circumferential radially extending collars which serve to align said sleeve concentrically within said shell.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 316,749 Crouan Apr. 28, 1885 642,537 Thoma Jan. 30, 1900 817,543 Bole Apr. 10, 1906 1,027,665 Parker May 28, 1912 1,387,066 Murray Aug. 9, 1921 1,437,904 Moomaw Dec. 5, 1922 1,485,512 Cocq et al. Mar. 4, 1924 2,029,369 Halliburton Feb. 4, 1936 2,223,362 Federman Dec. 3, 1940 2,478,982 Rishell Aug. 16, 1949 2,522,171 Furman et al Sept. 12, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 701,758 France Mar. 23, 1931 

